… gains, avalanche photodiodes ( APDs ) are used for high-speed optical ..... the Gbit/s range. Ordinary APDs are limited in frequency response ..... negative photoconductance in an APD shows itself as a negatively ..... researchers constructed several APDs with mesas ranging in size from …

… applications requiring high sensitivity. As the APD name suggests, an avalanche of charge occurs ..... fold or greater signal amplification. Our APD detector design features a separate-absorption ..... characteristics are shown for a waveguided Ge/Si APD (b). Due to the impact ionization process …

… engineering (I2E) of APD materials, however, has enabled the fabrication of APDs with noise levels lower ..... And substitution of new APD materials has allowed ..... has provided them with APD multiplication noise levels ..... standard for low-noise APDs (see Fig. 2). A lower …